Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of Dehydroevodiamine against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley, a traditional Chinese medicine with thousands of years of medicinal history, has been employed to address issues such as indigestion, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Dehydroevodiamine (DHE) is a quinazoline alkaloid extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley. Previous studies have shown that DHE has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. However, it is still unclear whether DHE has an effect on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study is to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of action of DHE on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers using network pharmacology and metabolomics strategies. METHODS: In this study, we used ethanol-induced rats as a model to assess the efficacy of DHE by biochemical indicator assays and pathological tissue detection. The integration of network pharmacology and metabolomics was used to explore possible mechanisms and was validated by western blot experiments. Finally, molecular docking was used to analyze the binding energy between DHE and the targets of PIK3CG and PLA2G2A. RESULTS: DHE was able to reverse ethanol-induced abnormalities in biochemical indicators and improve pathological tissue. Network pharmacology results indicated that DHE may be involved in the regulation of gastric ulcers by modulating 79 targets, and metabolomics results showed that a total of 13 metabolites were changed before and after DHE administration. Integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics, PIK3CG and PLA2G2A were identified as possible targets to exert therapeutic effects. In addition, the MAPKs pathway may also be involved in the regulation of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Finally, molecular docking results showed that DHE had low binding energies with both PIK3CG and PLA2G2A. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that DHE was able to exert a protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers by modulating multiple metabolites with multiple targets. This study provides a valuable reference for the development of antiulcer drugs.

Treatment of Chronic Gastritis with Traditional Chinese Medicine: Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms.

Chronic gastritis (CG) is a common clinical digestive system disease, which is not easyily cured and is prone to recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a significant role in the treatment of CG and has attracted increasing attention for clinical applications. In recent years, a large number of reports have shown that TCM has good therapeutic effect on CG. The aim of this paper is to investigate the pharmacological activities and mechanism of action of TCM in the treatment of CAG. Therefore, by searching the databases of Pubmed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Baidu academic databases, this paper has summarized the molecular mechanisms of TCM in improving CG. The results show that the improvement of GC by TCM is closely related to a variety of molecular mechanisms, including the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, alleviation of oxidative stress, improvement of gastric function, repair of gastric mucosa, inhibition of inflammatory response, and apoptosis. More importantly, IRF8-IFN-γ, IL-4-STAT6, Hedgehog, pERK1/2, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, TNFR-c-Src-ERK1/2-c-Fos, Nrf2/HO-1, and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways are considered as important molecular targets for TCM in the treatment of GC. These important findings will provide a direction and a basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of GC and tapping the potential of TCM in clinical treatment. This review also puts forward a bright prospect for future research of TCM in the treatment of CG.

Mechanism of Wuzhuyu decoction on alcohol-induced gastric ulcers using integrated network analysis and metabolomics.

Background: Gastric ulcers (GUs) are prevalent digestive disorders worldwide. Wuzhuyu Decoction (WZYT) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been employed for centuries to alleviate digestive ailments like indigestion and vomiting. This study aims to explore the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of WZYT on alcohol induced gastric ulcer treatment. Methods: We employed macroscopic assessment to evaluate the gastric ulcer index (UI), while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized for detecting biochemical indicators. Pathological tissue analysis involved hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining to assess gastric tissue damage. Additionally, the integration of network analysis and metabolomics facilitated the prediction of potential targets. Validation was conducted using Western blotting. Results: The research revealed that WZYT treatment significantly reduced the gastric ulcer index (UI) and regulation of alcohol-induced biochemical indicators levels. Additionally, improvements were observed in pathological tissue. Network analysis results indicated that 62 compounds contained in WZYT modulate alcohol-induced gastric ulcers by regulating 183 genes. The serum metabolomics indicated significant changes in the content of 19 metabolites after WZYT treatment. Two pivotal targets, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and albumin (ALB), are believed to assume a significant role in the treatment of gastric ulcers by the construction of "compounds-target-metabolite" networks. Western blot analysis confirmed that WZYT has the capacity to elevate the expression of HMOX1 and ALB targets. Conclusion: The integration of network analysis and metabolomics provides a scientific basis to propel the clinical use of WZYT for GUs. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the use of Wuzhuyu decoction in the treatment of gastric ulcers.

Jatrorrhizine Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating the Intestinal Barrier Function and Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a kind of autoimmune disease with unknown etiology, has been troubling human physical and mental health. Jatrorrhizine (Jat) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptis Chinensis, which has been proved to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. Purpose: The purpose is to explore the therapeutic effect of Jat on DSS-induced UC and the mechanism of action. Study Design. The UC mice model was induced by 3% DSS in drinking water. The mice were orally administered with Jat (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) for 10 days. Methods: The changes in body weight, colon length, spleen wet weight index, disease activity index (DAI), colonic histopathology, and inflammatory factors of serum and colon tissue were analyzed to evaluate the severity of colitis mice. The colon mucus secretion capacity was analyzed by Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. Furthermore, protein expressions such as TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB-p65, NF-κB-p65, COX-2, ZO-1, and Occludin were detected to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Jat on DSS-induced colitis model. Results: The results showed that Jat could significantly alleviate the symptoms, colon shortening, spleen index, and histological damage and restore the body weight in DSS-induced colitis mice. Jat also suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines and upregulated the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Jat repaired the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the level of colonic tight junction (TJ) proteins and enhancing the secretion of mucin produced by goblet cells. Furthermore, Jat could significantly suppress the expression of TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB-p65/NF-κB-p65, and COX-2 in colon tissue. Conclusion: The results suggested that Jat plays a protective role in DSS-induced colitis by regulating the intestinal barrier function and inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the therapeutic and protective effects of Jat on UC.

Efficacy and safety of Tanreqing injection combined with antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine injection. The goal of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of TRQ injection in combination with azithromycin or ceftriaxone, as well as azithromycin or ceftriaxone alone, in treating Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (SPP). METHODS: The randomized controlled trial (RCT) of TRQ injection combined with antibiotics versus antibiotics alone in the treatment of SPP was retrieved from Chinese and English databases (the control group was treated with antibiotics alone, while the experimental group received TRQ injection combined with antibiotics). The retrieval period was from the database's inception through February 2022. The data was extracted using the Cochrane Collaboration Network Quality Evaluation Standards, the methodological quality of the included literature was assessed, and the outcome indicators were calculated using RevMan5.4.1 software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 25 RCTs were collected, including 2057 patients. TRQ injection combined with antibiotics significantly improved clinical efficacy and reduced defervescence time, lung rale disappearance time, cough disappearance time, disappearance time of chest pain, and average hospitalization time when compared to control group, according to meta-analysis results (p < 0.05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: In the treatment of SPP, TRQ injection combination with antibiotics can significantly improve the total effect rate when compared to standard western medicine. Due to the low quality of the randomized controlled trials included in this investigation, more high-quality, multi-center, large-sample, prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical studies are needed to confirm the aforementioned conclusions.

Network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking-based strategy to explore the potential mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction against sepsis.

BACKGROUND: Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) is a classical herbal formula with potential efficacy in the treatment of sepsis. However, the main components and potential mechanisms of HLJDD remain unclear. This study aims to initially clarify the potential mechanism of HLJDD in the treatment of sepsis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. METHODS: The principal components and corresponding protein targets of HLJDD were searched on TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM and ETCM and the compound-target network was constructed by Cytoscape3.8.2. Sepsis targets were searched on OMIM and DisGeNET databases. The intersection of compound target and disease target was obtained and the coincidence target was imported into STRING database to construct a PPI network. We further performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on the targets. Finally, molecular docking study was approved for the core target and the active compound. RESULTS: There are 257 nodes and 792 edges in the component target network. The compounds with a higher degree value are quercetin, kaempferol, and wogonin. The protein with a higher degree in the PPI network is JUN, RELA, TNF. GO and KEGG analysis showed that HLJDD treatment of sepsis mainly involves positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, negative regulation of apoptosis process, response to hypoxia and other biological processes. The signaling pathways mainly include PI3K-AKT, MAPK, TNF signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that quercetin, kaempferol and wogonin have higher affinity with JUN, RELA and TNF. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanism of HLJDD in the treatment of sepsis, and provides a reference for subsequent basic research.

Comparative Evidence for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) seriously threatens the health of pregnant women and newborns. A various number of Chinese prescriptions and patent medicines combined with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are used for treating ICP in China. However, there are still many doubts in choosing the suitable therapeutic drugs for the treatment of ICP in clinical practice. Methods: Several electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), Wanfang, and VIP, were comprehensively searched from the database inception to February 22, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the use of UDCA only, Chinese prescriptions plus UDCA, and patent medicine plus UDCA for the treatment of ICP were collected according to their inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook version 5.2 was applied for the risk assessment of the included trials. STATA 16.0 software was used for network meta-analysis (NMA). The pruritus score and the serum levels of total bile acid (TBA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) in ICP patients served as the primary outcomes. Moreover, this study had been registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#joinuppage), and the registration number is CRD42020188831. Results: Thirty-eight RCTs comprising 3,841 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the network meta-analysis. The NMA results showed that compared with UDCA used alone, Yinchenhao decoction (seven different Chinese prescriptions or patent medicines) plus UDCA dramatically alleviated the primary outcomes of ICP, including the pruritus score, as well as the serum levels of TBA, ALT, and AST. The NMA results showed that the optimal drug ratio for the treatment of ICP was different from the dosage ratio of traditional Yinchenhao decoction. Significantly, the intervention plan f (IP-f) group [the similar prescription of Yinchenhao decoction 2 (Artemisia capillaris Thunb >15 g, Gardenia >9 g, and Rhubarb <5 g) + UDCA] was the best therapeutics among the eight therapies. Conclusion: Overall, the combined use of Chinese prescriptions or patent medicine with UDCA was generally better than UDCA used alone. The dose of IP-f might be a beneficial therapeutic method for the clinical medication of ICP. Clinical Trail Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, identifier CRD42020188831.

Neolignans and Diarylheptanoids with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from the Rhizomes of Alpinia zerumbet.

The dried leaves and rhizomes of Alpinia zerumbet have been traditionally used as food and medicine. Anti-inflammatory activity-guided phytochemical investigation into the rhizomes of A. zerumbet led to the isolation of 17 compounds including 10 neolignans (1-10, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 are new compounds) and seven diarylheptanoids (11-17) in which 1-3 were three pairs of enantiomers. 4 was only one enantiomer and 5 was a racemic mixture. Compounds 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b incorporated an 8',9'-dinorneolignan skeleton, which was rare in the lignan family. The planar structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive analyses of spectroscopic data. The relative and absolute configurations were determined by the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)-based electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation method. The 95% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of A. zerumbet were found to show anti-inflammatory activity against croton oil-induced ear edema in mice with inhibition rates of 20.0 and 47.6% at a dose of 80 mg/kg, respectively. Bioassays showed that compounds 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, and 12 moderately inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 3.62, 7.63, 6.51, 5.60, and 8.33 µM, respectively.

Efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding in treating postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Pain is a common complication after mixed hemorrhoids, which seriously affects the recovery of patients and prolongs the length of hospital stay. Acupoint catgut embedding has advantages in improving a variety of acute and chronic pain diseases, but there is still a lack of rigorous randomized controlled studies to verify its efficacy and safety in the treatment of postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids. Therefore, the purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupoint catgut embedding in the treatment of postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids. METHODS: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding in the treatment of postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids. Approved by the clinical research ethics committee of our hospital, the patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to 1:1. The observation group received acupoint catgut embedding before the operation, while the control group received no special treatment. The efficacy and safety indexes were concerned after the operation, and the observation indexes included: resting state and visual analogue scale (VAS) score during defecation, postoperative hospitalization time, total amount of analgesic use, adverse reactions, etc. Finally, we carried on the data statistical analysis through the SPSS version 19.0. DISCUSSION: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding in the treatment of postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids, and the results of this study will provide a new idea for the selection of postoperative analgesia for mixed hemorrhoids resection. TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T2ZGY.

l-Borneol ameliorates cerebral ischaemia by downregulating the mitochondrial calcium uniporter-induced apoptosis cascade in pMCAO rats.

OBJECTIVES: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, and ischaemic stroke is the most common subtype. Moreover, we found that L-borneol has an obvious therapeutic effect on cerebral ischaemia. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of L-borneol in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) rats via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)-related apoptosis cascade. METHODS: A pMCAO model was used to simulate cerebral ischaemia, and neurological function was evaluated. Cerebral infarction was observed by TTC staining. HE staining was also used to reflect the pathophysiological changes in the rat hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, MCU-related signals and apoptosis signalling pathways were detected at both the gene and protein levels. RESULTS: The neurological function scores of the high-dose L-borneol (H-B) group, medium-dose L-borneol (M-B) group and low-dose L-borneol (L-B) group were significantly lower than that of the model group at 24 h (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). High and medium doses of L-borneol could reverse the cerebral infarction area, similar to Nimotop. After HE staining, the cells in the H-B group and M-B group were neatly and densely arranged, with largely normal morphological structures. High-dose L-borneol could significantly reduce the gene and protein levels of Apaf-1, Bad and Caspase-3 and increase the expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In addition, the MCU expression of the H-B group was significantly decreased compared with that of the model group at both the gene and protein levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The expression of IDH2 was similar to that of MCU but not MEP (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: L-borneol can achieve brain protection by downregulating the excessive expression of MCU-related signalling pathway and further inhibiting the apoptosis of neurons during pMCAO.

Mechanism of rutaecarpine on ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer using integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology.

This study was aimed to explore the mechanism of rutaecarpine (RUT) on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer (GU) in mice by integrated approaches. At first, the efficacy was determined through the macroscopic and microscopic state of stomach tissue and the expression levels of GU-related factors. Then, the serum metabolomics method based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to explore the specific metabolites and metabolic pathways. Finally, the upstream key protein targets of these specific metabolites were analyzed by network pharmacology and verified by PCR to explore the potential mechanism. RUT alleviated the histological and pathological damage of gastric tissue caused by ethanol, and could remarkably ameliorate the level of GU-related factors. Subsequently, a total of 7 potential metabolites involved in 9 metabolic pathways were identified by metabolomics analysis. Then, a 'component-targets-metabolites' interaction network was constructed, and therefore 4 key target proteins (PLA2G1B, PDE5A, MIF and SRC) that may regulate the specific metabolites were obtained. This case was further verified by the results of PCR. ALL the above results strongly demonstrated that RUT exerted a gastroprotective effect against GU. And it is the first time to combine metabolomics combined with network pharmacology to elucidate the mechanism of RUT on GU, which may be related to the regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and these pathways may be regulated through the upstream protein PLA2G1B, PDE5A, MIF and SRC.

Huanglian Jiedu Decoction Exerts Antipyretic Effect by Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathway.

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the antipyretic effect and potential mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) on LPS-induced fever in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fever rat model was established by LPS. Anal temperature of rats was measured every 1 hour after modeling. TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, and cAMP in rat serum or hypothalamus tissue were detected by ELISA kit. In order to explore the potential active ingredients and mechanism of antipyretic effect of HLJDD, we predicted the underlying antipyretic mechanism by using network pharmacology and then verified its mechanism by Western Blotting. RESULTS: The results showed that HLJDD can alleviate LPS-induced fever in rats. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, and cAMP in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group. Western Blotting results showed that the protein expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-P38 was significantly inhibited. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that HLJDD has a good antipyretic effect on LPS-induced fever in rats, which may be closely related to the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.

Clinical efficacy and safety of Tanreqing injection combined with antibiotics versus antibiotics alone in the treatment of pulmonary infection patients after chemotherapy with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tanreqing injection (TRQi) in the treatment of pulmonary infection after chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CNKI, VMIS, Wan-Fang, and CBM databases were comprehensively searched from established to March 2020. randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TRQi were selected. The evaluation manual of Cochrane RCT was used to evaluate the methodological quality of all included studies, Stata 13.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020175533). Eighteen RCTs with a total of 1,438 patients were met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that compared with antibiotics alone, TRQi plus antibiotics could significantly improve the clinical efficacy, defervescence time, lung rale disappearance time, cough disappearance time, and average hospitalization time, reduce white blood cell, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin levels, and adverse reactions. However, due to the small sample size and low quality of the study, more rigorous and more RCTs are needed for further verification. In conclusion, this study provides useful evidence for the efficacy and safety of TRQi combined with antibiotics in the treatment of pulmonary infection after chemotherapy with lung cancer.

Mechanism of Paeoniflorin in the Treatment of Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury Using Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology.

Paeoniflorin (PF) is the main active component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., which is used in the treatment of severe cholestatic hepatitis. However, its biological mechanism in regulating bile acid metabolism and cholestatic liver injury has not been fully revealed. Our study aimed to reveal the mechanism of PF in the treatment of cholestatic liver injury in an in vivo metabolic environment using bioinformatics analysis. The serum of rats with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic liver injury treated with PF was analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF, and specific metabolites were screened using a metabolomics method. These specific metabolites were further analyzed by network pharmacology to identify the upstream signaling pathways and key protein targets. Finally, the key target proteins were verified by immunohistochemistry using cholestatic rat liver tissue. The serum ALT, AST, TBA, and TBIL levels, as well as the pathological state of the liver tissues, were significantly improved by PF. Twenty-five specific metabolites and 157 corresponding target proteins were screened for the treatment of cholestatic liver injury by PF. The "PF-target-metabolite" interaction network was constructed, and five protein targets (MAP2K1, MAPK1, ILBP, ABCB1, and LTA4H) that may regulate specific metabolites were obtained. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that PF improved the expression of these proteins. The integrated application of multiple bioinformatics methods revealed that PF plays a key role in the treatment of cholestatic liver injury by intervening in important targets related to bile acid metabolism and inflammation.

Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis with ursodeoxycholic acid combined with traditional Chinese medicine: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Ursodeoxycholic acid is the priority drug of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and is usually combined with traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the benefits of integrated Chinese and western interventions for PBC. METHODS: Searched the randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, VIP databases. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for methodological quality assessment and all data analysis was performed using Revman5.3 and Stata14.2 software. RESULT: 30 randomized controlled trials involving 10 interventions with a total of 1948 participants were included. Identified the direct and indirect evidence of trials, and used network meta analyses ranked the benefits of different interventions based on pairwise meta analysis. The primary outcom was clinical efficacy rate. Secondary outcome was liver function, including alkaline phosphataseand total bilirubin. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this systematic review provide credible evidence - based for the relative advantages of integrated Chinese and western interventions for PBC.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Eight Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Entecavir in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Fibrosis in Adults: A Network Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used as an adjuvant drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis and is used frequently. We still do not know which TCM has the best curative effect as an adjuvant drug. Therefore, we decided to use network meta-analysis to solve this problem. METHODS: We used the RevMan software (5.3) and Stata software (13.0) to achieve this network meta-analysis (NMA). The primary outcomes of this study were HA, LN, PCIII, and IV-C; the secondary outcomes of this study were AST, ALT, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. For all outcomes, the scissors funnel plot, Egger test, and Begg test were used to detect publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was used to investigate the stability of the results. And the meta-regression was used to explore the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 34 articles were included in this study. The study involved a total of 3199 patients, of which 1578 were assigned to the control group and 1621 patients were assigned to the experimental group. The number of men and women is roughly equal, and the average age is about 43 years old. In addition, nine treatment strategies were involved in this study. The combination of TCM and entecavir can significantly improve the patients' HA, LN, PCIII, IV-C, AST, ALT, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rates. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that FHC combined with entecavir has more advantages than other treatment strategies. CONCLUSION: For improving the HBV-DNA negative conversion rates, adding TCM to the therapeutic strategies does not seem to show absolute superiority. Finally, FHC combined with entecavir is the best therapeutic strategy.

Palmatine ameliorates Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic atrophic gastritis by inhibiting MMP-10 through ADAM17/EGFR.

Palmatine (Pal), a plant-based isoquinoline alkaloid, was initially isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma (CR, Huanglian in Chinese) and considered to be a potential non-antibiotic therapeutic agent that can safely and effectively improve Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we explored the protective effect of Pal on H. pylori induced CAG in vivo and in vitro. As a result, Pal alleviated the histological damage of gastric mucosa and the morphological changes of gastric epithelial cell (GES-1) caused by H. pylori. Furthermore, Pal significantly inhibited the expression of EGFR-activated ligand genes, including a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and the proinflammatory factors, such as chemokine 16 (CXCL-16) and interleukin 8 (IL-8), were suppressed. In addition, Pal attenuated inflammatory infiltration of CD8+ T cells while promoted Reg3a expression to enhance host defense. Taken together, we concluded that Pal attenuated the MMP-10 dependent inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa by blocking ADAM17/EGFR signaling, which contributed to its gastrointestinal protective effect.

Potential therapeutic effect of Qingwen Baidu Decoction against Corona Virus Disease 2019: a mini review.

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease. At present, COVID-19 has no specific therapeutic drugs, and the main clinical treatment is symptomatic treatment and control of complications. On March 5, 2020, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection (Trial Version 7), which integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into the treatment of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to summarize recent studies on the clinic application, pharmacological action, chemical substances and mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Decoction (QBD) on the treatment of various diseases. The results suggested that QBD has multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antipyretic and so on. It has been used in the treatment of sepsis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, infantile pneumonia, sepsis-related encephalopathy, epidemic encephalitis B and other diseases. In addition, this study attempts to explore the possible mechanism of QBD in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Through the analysis of the chemical substances, pharmacological action and mechanism of QBD, this paper will provide a reference theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by QBD.

Mechanism of berberine in treating Helicobacter pylori induced chronic atrophic gastritis through IRF8-IFN-γ signaling axis suppressing.

AIMS: In this study, we will investigate the therapeutic effects of berberine (BBR) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Furthermore, potential mechanisms of BBR in regulating IRF8-IFN-γ signaling axis will also be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: H. pylori were utilized to establish CAG model of rats. Therapeutic effects of BBR on serum supernatant indices, and histopathology of stomach were analyzed in vivo. Moreover, GES-1 cells were infected by H. pylori, and intervened with BBR in vitro. Cell viability, morphology, proliferation, and quantitative analysis were detected by high-content screening (HCS) imaging assay. To further investigate the potential mechanisms of BBR, relative mRNA, immunohistochemistry and protein expression in IRF8-IFN-γ signaling axis were measured. KEY FINDINGS: Results showed serum supernatant indices including IL-17, CXCL1, and CXCL9 were downregulated by BBR intervention, while, G-17 increased significantly. Histological injuries of gastric mucosa induced by H. pylori also were alleviated. Moreover, cell viability and morphology changes of GES-1 cells were improved by BBR intervention. In addition, proinflammatory genes and IRF8-IFN-γ signaling axis related genes, including Ifit3, Upp1, USP18, Nlrc5, were suppressed by BBR administration in vitro and in vivo. The proteins expression related to IRF8-IFN-γ signaling axis, including Ifit3, IRF1 and Ifit1 were downregulated by BBR intervention.

Novel nortriterpenoids with new skeletons and limonoids from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and their bioactivities.

Two novel nortriterpenoids together with 7 known compounds were isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, X-ray, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 is the first example of triterpenoid with a 27 (17 â†’ 12)-abeo-five-ring skeleton. In turn, compound 2 possesses a unique C/D/E linear fused ring system and a methyl on C-21. Plausible biogenetic pathway for the new compounds 1 and 2 are also proposed. Compound 1 exhibited significantly antitumor activity against A549 and LoVo cells with IC50 values of 2.0 µM and 1.9 µM, respectively. Colony formation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis of compound 1 were also evaluated. Compound 2, 6, 7 and 9 showed potent neuroprotective activities against serum-deprivation induced P12 cell damage.